The important archaeological relic associated with Sa Huynh culture was first found in Thua Thien Hue in 1987 is Con Rang relic (La Chu, Huong Tra), showing that the owner of this culture has reached a high level in both material and spiritual life more than 2.500 years ago. The imprint of this culture is also found in Cua Thieng (Phu Oc, Tu Ha, Huong Tra) in 1988. Along with the Sa Huynh culture, scientists also found traces proving the presence of the Dong Son culture in Thua Thien Hue. Proof that the bronze drum type 1 was discovered in Phong My, Phong Dien in 1994. This is one of the unique relics of ancient Vietnamese culture.
According to ancient documents, thousands of years ago, Thua Thien Hue was once a residential area of communities with many different cultural nuances. Legend has it that at the time of the formation of Van Lang - An Lac State, Thua Thien Hue was a land of Viet Thuong ministry. At the beginning of the Northern domination period, this land belonged to Tuong District. In 116 BC, Nhat Nam district was born to replace the Tuong district. After the historic Bach Dang victory of Ngo Quyen 938), Dai Viet gained independence. Over the centuries of development, Thua Thien Hue has become a crossroads between the two major cultures of the East and the culture of the indigenous people. With the oracle "Hoanh Son Nhat Dai, Van Dai Dung Than" (Hoanh Son mountains, forever reigning), in 1558, Nguyen Hoang asked to protect Thuan Hoa land, starting the reigns of Nguyen lords.
Since then, the development process of the land Thuan Hoa - Phu Xuan is associated with the reigns of 9 Nguyen Lords in Dang Trong. After 3 centuries since merging with Dai Viet, Thuan Hoa was a battleground for power between Dang Trong and Dang Ngoai, with little time for peace, so there was no opportunity to form an urban-type population. The birth of Hoa Chau citadel (around the end of the 15th century, early 16th century) probably existed only for a short time as a defensive citadel, not the urban living place of Thuan Hoa land at that time. It was not until 1636, when Lord Nguyen Phu Lan moved to Kim Long, that the process of urbanization started, the premise for the formation and development of Hue city later. More than a century later, in 1687, Lord Nguyen Phuc Thai moved the main government to Thuy Loi village and changed its name to Phu Xuan (to the west of the current Hue citadel), continuing to build and develop Phu Xuan to become a thriving urban center of Dang Trong. Sometimes, the Lord's Palace moved to Bac Vong (1712-1723), but when Vo Vuong ascended the throne, he moved the main government to Phu Xuan and built it on the "left side of the old palace", that is, the southeast corner of the current Hue citadel.
The majestic magnificence of Phu Xuan citadel under Nguyen Phuc Khoat was described by Le Quy Don in the "Phu Bien Tap Luc" in 1776 and in the "Dai Nam Nhat Thong Chi" as a prosperous development city spanning the two banks of the Huong River Delta, from Kim Long - Duong Xuan to Bao Vinh - Thanh Ha, Phu Xuan was the capital of the land of Dang Trong (1687-1774), then became the capital of the unified Dai Viet country under King Quang Trung (1788-1801) and finally the capital of Vietnam for nearly 1,5 centuries under the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945), Phu Xuan - Hue, Thua Thien Hue has become an important political, economic, cultural and artistic center of the country from those historical periods.
In 1858, the French-Spanish army opened fire on Da Nang, marking the process of invasion by the French, followed by American imperialism in Vietnam. Along with the who